Source: cleanenergynews.ihsmarkit.com
India intends to quintuple the size of a subsidy scheme for domestic solar photovoltaic (PV) module makers, pushing forward with the country's Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-reliant India) strategy for decarbonizing its economy.
To help counter climate change, the world's third largest GHG emitter is aiming to have 500 GW of renewable energy capacity installed by 2030—including at least 280 GW of solar—before reaching čisté-nulové emisie by 2070.
"This decarbonization strategy opens up huge employment opportunities and will take the country on a sustainable development path," Indian Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman told the country's parliament in prejav o ročnom rozpočte 1 February.
V rozpočte na apríl 2022 až marec 2023 by Naí Dillí vyčlenilo ďalších 19 500 miliónov rupií (2,61 miliardy) na program Production Linked Incentive (PLI) na podporu domácej výroby fotovoltických modulov, povedal Sitharaman.
PLI, ktorá začala s 4 500 miliónmi rupií (600 miliónov) v minulom ročnom rozpočte, ponúka dotácie vybraným modulárnym závodom na základe ich predaja, kvality produktov a miestneho obsahu.
IHS Markit estimates 80 percent -90 percent of India's solar components are imported, with China the main supplier. Government figures show India currently has annual production capacity of just 2.5 GW for PV cells and 9-10 GW for modules.
But the initial PLI budget will help drive the expansion of India-based manufacturers, according to the National Investment Promotion Facilitation Agency (NIPFA), and India's capacity of integrated module plants that can convert wafer-ingots to modules is expected to dosiahnuť 10 GW by the end of March 2023.
The government agency expects India's annual module manufacturing capacity to expand by 30-35 GW between 2021 and 2025, in part driven by strong demand and policy incentives.
New Delhi is hoping to generate employment opportunities and attract foreign investment as a result of expanding the PV manufacturing sector, said Amit Manohar, investičný špecialista NIPFA.
"After a decade of innovation and cost reductions, the solar energy sector has evolved to a major source of energy, and it could potentially serve 30 percent or more of India's electricity demand by 2030," Manohar said.
Stratégia Atmanirbhar Bharat
Since 2020, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has been promoting the Atmanirbhar Bharat strategy in several sectors—including renewables—to boost domestic manufacturing capacity in a post-COVID recovery.
V rozpočte na apríl 2021 až marec 2022 vložilo Naí Dillí 1,{3}} bilióna Rs (133 miliónov) do Solar Energy Corporation of India a 1 500 miliónov Rs (200 miliónov) do Indickej agentúry pre rozvoj obnoviteľnej energie. Subjekty sú zodpovedné za riadenie rôznych stimulačných programov-sponzorovaných ústrednou vládou.
Od apríla 2021 sa len spoločnosti na -indickom schválenom zozname výrobcov modulov môžu uchádzať o solárne tendre sponzorované centrálnou vládou.
Vláda tiež plánuje zaviesť od apríla tohto roku 40-percentné základné clo na dovážané solárne moduly a 25-percentné clo na články.
Kashish Shah, an analyst at the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis, suggested the policy initiatives' effects are likely to be compounded by problémy dodávateľského reťazca in the global PV industry. "Module manufacturing in India has never been more viable," povedal Shah last December.
So silnými politickými signálmi niektoré veľké indické podniky oznámili veľké investičné programy pre obnoviteľné zdroje, ktoré kladú silný dôraz na solárnu energiu.
Po stanovení cieľa vybudovať 100 GW solárnej kapacity do roku 2030 spoločnosť Reliance Industries minulý rok uviedla, že po akvizícii REC Group za 771 miliónov spustí integrovanú továreň na výrobu fotovoltických panelov v Jamnagare. Očakáva sa, že elektráreň bude mať počiatočnú kapacitu 4 GW ročne a následne sa zvýši na 10 GW.
In January, Reliance, India's largest publicly traded company by market capitalization, announced obnoviteľné investičné iniciatívy totaling Rs 595,500 crore (80 billion), and a substantial proportion of the money will be used to develop manufacturing facilities for PV modules, electrolyzers, batteries, fuel cells, as well as hydrogen and low-carbon energy projects in Gujarat over the next 10-15 years.
Rival conglomerate Skupina Adani plans to invest 50 billion to 70 billion in decarbonization projects in the next decade, including 20 billion in renewable energy generation. It aims to have a solar manufacturing capacity of 2 GW per annum by the end of March 2023.
While the government's policies are prompting more investment in domestic manufacturing, IHS Markit Renewable Analyst Ankita Chauhan warned of short-term disruptions to solar installations in the country.
"Current domestic manufacturing is not sufficient to meet the domestic demand, and it may take another three to five years to build it up," said Chauhan, adding that the policies favoring Indian manufacturers will push up overall costs, and restrict vendor choices for procurement and project timelines.
Ukáž mi peniaze
V najnovšom ročnom rozpočte indická vláda tiež uviedla, že zlepší recykláciu, podporí agrolesníctvo, prijme politiku výmeny batérií pre elektrické vozidlá všade tam, kde nabíjacie siete nie sú životaschopné, a nahradí 5 až 7 percent uhlia používaného v tepelných elektrárňach pelety z biomasy, okrem iných opatrení na dekarbonizáciu.
Sitharaman said India will issue sovereign green bonds in the coming fiscal year to fund "green infrastructure" in the public sector, without elaborating.
Official data showed India had 150.5 GW of renewable capacity installed in November when large hydropower projects were taken into account. This means annual capacity additions of 40-50 GW will be required to meet the government's 500 GW target by 2030.
"On a very conservative capital funding calculation the investment required for achieving the target is approximately 210 billion," said Manohar, adding that both public and private stakeholders need to contribute.
V poznámke zverejnenej minulý mesiac analytici IHS Markit odhadujú, že India bude potrebovať viac ako 28 miliárd ročných investícií na dosiahnutie cieľa do roku 2030 v porovnaní s priemernými výdavkami 7 miliárd za posledných päť rokov.
"Project developers are tapping international capital markets to access low-cost financing, but the government needs to improve regulatory transparency, introduce a uniform green taxonomy, and provide targeted interventions to improve access to low-cost international capital," the note said.
Vedci z Národného laboratória Lawrence Berkeley v USA okrem investovania peňazí do nízko{0}}karbónovej kapacity uviedli, že indické zainteresované strany budú musieť investovať 40 miliárd do 63 GW batériového úložiska, aby sa zabezpečila stabilita siete.
Still, they believe renewable expansion will be the cheapest overall option in meeting India's rising electricity demand.
"Dramatic cost reductions over the last decade for wind, solar, and battery storage technologies position India to leapfrog to a more flexible, robust, and sustainable power system for delivering affordable and reliable power to serve demand that will nearly double by 2030," they said in štúdium published last December.